Ethnicity is a social phenomenon that is manifested in interactions among individuals of different ethnic groups within a political system where language and culture are the most prominent attributes. Ethnicity and political behaviour of nigerians in the 2015 general elections iwok, u. One of the causes of political instability or friction in nigeria has been the multinational composition of the country according to onwubiko 2005. Nigeria is the most populous cou ntry in africa, the second biggest economy, the third largest military power and the biggest oil producer 10th oil producer in the world. Specifically, the policy seeks to reduce fertility from the present level of 6 childrenfamily to an average of 4 childrenfamily, suggests an. In all, political power has alternated between the civilian and the. Net overseas development aid was roughly usd 11 billion in 2006.
Covenant university journal of politics and international affairs cujpia vol. Nigeria project without considering the ethnic formation of country. Ethnic politics and its implications for the survival of. Request pdf nigeria, 1993 political and electoral violence nigeria is the most populous nation in africa. Okwudiba nnoli author of ethnic politics in nigeria. Ethnicity therefore has become a strong factor in the political life of nigeria. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Abstract ethnicity is a dominant force which continues to play an important role in determining the political behaviour of nations of the world.
Ethnic politics and its implications for the survival of democracy in nigeria b. This is the relationship between education and politics in nigeria. Nigerias underdevelopment, with special reference to her political, economic and social domains. The nigerian case dominic azuh, phd department of economics and development studies covenant university, ota, ogun state, nigeria and matthew d. Alex thomas, an introduction to african politics, chapter 4, case study. Theoretical perspective 79 languages, customs and traditions gives the country a rich cultural diversity.
Rakov, vassar college 92 english 32, fall 1990 the ethnicity of nigeria is so varied that there is no definition of a nigerian beyond that of someone who lives within the borders of the country ukpo, p. Department of political science, faculty of social science, university of lagos, akokayaba, lagos, nigeria adejuwon, kehinde david department of public administration, faculty of management sciences, lagos state university. The nigerian state was a product of 1914 amalgamation of northern and southern protectorates by lord lugard. Nigeria has launched its 1st population policy, reflecting new approval on the part of policymakers of national efforts to curb population growth.
More so, the relationship is complex because of the intricacies inherent in the politicization of religion. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria ms. Author 3 title social life and party politics in nigeria keywords description social life and party politics in nigeria category social science education publisher cannon publishers ltd publication date 1997. In1921 igbo are 3,927,000 and hf are 2,000,000, now its 2017 thats 96yrs back igbo population is high than that of hausa fulani with 1,927,000. As a result of this, the ingredients of democracy have not been able to thrive after many years of political independence in nigeria.
The politics of history in northern nigeria niels kastfelt centre of african studies university of copenhagen paper presented to the research seminar of the african studies centre, leiden, 27 april 2006 the politics of history in contemporary africa in recent years there has been a growing interest in the political uses of history in africa. This is one of the major challenges confronting the advancement of liberal democracy in nigeria since independence. Abstract it is rather an indisputable fact that ethnicity has marred politics in nigeria. Nigeria gained full independence in october 1960, as a federation of three regions northern, western, and eastern under a constitution that provided for a parliamentary form of government. The origin, development, ethnic politics, impacts, postcolonial governance. This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within nigeria societies, the cause of the conflicts and perhaps. In fact, religious politics has derailed the path of progress to the extent that sectionalism, regionalism, and partisanship have distorted the honourable dreams of the fathers of independence. The relationship between politics and religion is intimate because there is always a point of convergence.
Historical background to electoral violence in nigeria in the words of alanamu 2005, the history of violence in nigeria politics dates back to colonial era. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Its seven most populous cities each house more than one million people, and about one out of two west africans is from nigeria. Buhari, regionalism, religion, and politics in nigeria. Corruption has been identified as a major challenge to national development in nigeria seteolu, 2004. As otite, 1990 observed and quite rightly too, the ethnic virus has been one of the most important causes of social crisis and political instability in nigeria. Trends and dimensions of ethnic conflict in nigeria ethnic conflicts could take different forms and its manifestation could arise from different dimensions in the nigeria society. So until the government of nigeria takes education as seriously as it takes foreign exchange, the teachers can only do so much. Buhari, regionalism, religion, and politics in nigeria the presidential election held in nigeria on the 16th of april 2011 has come and gone but the dust raised by that election is yet to settle. For example, the action group as a party developed from a. Ethnicity and political behaviour of nigerians in the 2015.
Oloyede oluyemi national bureau of statistics nbs, abuja, nigeria abstract nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. Hassan 2 1department of sociology, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria. Op you are a good researcher to get hausafulani population at a round figure of 2m in 1921. Political violence and its effects on social development. Endowed with human and natural resources, it is also the continents oldest federal. The political culture in nigeria is characterized by intolerance, intimidation, thuggery, assassination, bitterness, apathy, indolence, money and ethnic politics. It could manifest in the area of religion, economy, education, military, politics, and among professionals. Causes of ethnic conflict in nigeria are many but we will focus on primary ones that government should deal with to stop the menace at once. Though this study will limit itself to the pivotal roles the mass media should play in shaping the desired political culture in nigeria yet, it is aimed at highlighting the areas in which the mass media can intervene in promoting the desired political. To the extent that ethnic sentiment is fully introduced in virtually all areas of nigerian political system. In real terms, it is a pluralistic and multifaceted society, both. But how, has the media fared in this onerous task is what this study seeks to address. Okwudiba nnoli is the author of ethnic politics in nigeria 3. This was a major seed of conflict that is still troubling nigeria today.
Relationship between education and politics in nigeria. Nigeria since independence have shown that the reins of government has always fallen into the hands of a political leadership class that showed more interest in private, group or ethnic gains than in the general wellbeing of the nigerian state. From the 1950s, elections in nigeria approximated a war wage to determine who get. Redemptive measures conceptual and contextual clarification politics generally, in the nigerian parlance, politics is the struggle for power to rule or be in charge of the affairs of the state, institution or an organization. Politics is a function of the environment in which it is practiced consequently politics is the same anywhere in the world.
Nigeria was forcefully done without the peoples consent. Introduction by the time nigeria gained its independence, it was entering a period of rapid social and economic change, and many people were quite optimistic about its future. The politics of local government creation in nigeria is as old as the country itself. In the already pluralized society of nigeria it is not an exception. There were no concrete objective criteria for the amalgamation except for the. In preindependence era, party politics in nigeria was based on ethnic factor thus one can say that it was during this period in question that the seed of ethnic politics was sown, germinated in the first republic and the products started spreading during the 3rd and 4th republics. The rise of nationalism and religious politics in nigeria. You can trace causes of ethnic conflict to amalgamation, religious differences, inequality, lack of transparent governance, long military incursion in government and lack of vision or nigerian dream, to mention but a few. Social science alvan ikoku federal college of education, nigeria.
In the nigerian case study, the reconfiguration, formation of political parties, distribution of human. Focusing on nigeria, today, there are two dominant religious groups in nigeria, islam and christianity. Under the constitution, each of the three regions retained a substantial measure of selfgovernment. Most often ethnic sentiments are used to replace merit and skills, such that round pegs are no longer found in round holes. The division of nigeria into three regions in 1946 by richard constitution for administrative convenience was directly associated with the three major ethnic groups yoruba, hausa and igbo. Nigeria is said to be a british creation by uniting the various nationalities into a single country today known as the federal republic of nigeria. Media, nigeria, political reporting, objectivity, political parties operationalization of terms we shall begin this paper by operationalizing the three key words in the title of the paper. Oluyemi oloyede nigeria national bureau of statistics abstract.
Nigeria, 1993 political and electoral violence request pdf. Nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. Rwanda, burundi, zaire, ethiopia zanzibar, uganda, nigeria, the chad and angola 1. Ethnic politics and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Ethnic conflict and sustainable development in nigeria. The language diversity of nigeria is described, the role of language in the media, in education, in politics and its interface with ethnicity and culture. For the past fifty years or so, corruption has manifested in bribery, graft, treasury looting,subsidy and pension theft, money laundering, advance fee fraud, general indiscipline, favouritism and nepotism. There is therefore an urgent need to learn from the past and work hard to make the dream of.
Citizenship rights of women thereby become threatened, fettered and abridged. Ethnic consideration in political coverage by nigerian media by ifedayo daramola, ph. Adeyemi and adeyemi 2003 express concern over the situation of politics in nigeria, when they observed that during the ward congress of the pdp, an intraparty affair, many politicians went to the congress venue armed with assault rifles and acid containers for possible use on opponents. It is generally pursued through different groupings of people. An impediment to political development in nigeria nigeria with over 300 ethnic groups, over dialects, who practiced several religions, with. University of nigeria virtual library serial no isbn. It is not surprising therefore that the first political parties were formed along ethnic lines. It has been estimated that nigeria has as much as 350 ethnic groups based on lingual classification. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria.
The educational policies need to be good, and executors of these policies need also to be good. However the political terrain is different due to social, political, economic and cultural dimensions and the difference in environmental variables makes the practice of politics different from country to country. Ever since this merger, the polity has been characterized by ethnoreligious politics which has being the bane to national unity. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria paper presented by mrs. Phil professor of sociology and national commissioner, independent national electoral commission headquarters, abuja womens economic, political and social inclusion. This chauvinistic behavior affects the efficiency and productivity of. The republic of cameroon bound nigeria to the east. Master thesis including hd thesis dickson onwuka uduma. Lukman that nigeria badly needed a leadership that can rescue the country from the depth of chronic indiscipline, disorder. India and pakistan, nigeria is the most populous country in all black africa. Pdf class struggle and revolutionary pressures in nigeria. As nigeria has this high number of human population, so is the number of political parties in the country as every politician wants to be governor or president.
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